ENHANCING HUMAN PERFORMANCE. ISSUES, THEORIES, AND TECHNIQUES. NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL.

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111111AN PENMAN 
Issues, Theories, and Techniques 
Daniel Druckman and John A. Swets, Editors 
Committee on Techniques for the Enhancement of Human Performance 
Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education 
National Research Council 
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS 
Washington, D.C. 1988 
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NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing 
Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of 
the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute 
of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for 
their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. 
This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures 
approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy 
of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. 
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of 
distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the 
furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the 
authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate 
that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. 
Frank Press is president of the National Academy of Sciences. 
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the 
National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is 
autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the 
National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The 
National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting 
national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achieve-
ments of engineers. Dr. Robert M. White is president of the National Academy of 
Engineering. 
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences 
to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination 
of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the 
responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to 
be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of 
medical care, research, and education. Dr. Samuel 0. Thier is president of the Institute of 
Medicine. 
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 
1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's 
purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in 
accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the 
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Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the 
scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both 
Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Frank Press and Dr. Robert M. White are 
chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council. 
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data 
Enhancing human performance : issues, theories, and techniques / 
Daniel Druckman and John A. Swets, editors. 
p. cm. 
"Committee on Techniques for the Enhancement of Human Performance, 
Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National 
Research Council." 
Bibliography: p. 
Includes index. 
ISBN 0-309-03792-I. ISBN 0-309-03787-5 (soft) 
I. Self-realization?Congresses. 2. Performance?Psychological 
aspects?Congresses. I. Druckman, Daniel, 1939? . II. Swets, 
John Arthur, 1928? . III. National Research Council (U.S.). 
Committee on Techniques for the Enhancement of Human Performance. 
BF637.S4E56 1987 
158?dc19 87-31233 
Copyright ? 1988 by the National Academy of Sciences ClP 
Printed in the United States of America 
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COMMITTEE ON TECHNIQUES FOR THE 
ENHANCEMENT OF HUMAN PERFORMANCE 
JOHN A. SWETS. Chair, Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc., Cambridge, 
Mass. 
ROBERT A. BJORK, Department of Psychology, University of 
California, Los Angeles 
THOMAS D. COOK, Department of Psychology, Northwestern 
University 
GERALD C. DAVISON, Department of Psychology, University of 
Southern California 
LLOYD G. HUMPHREYS, Department of Psychology, University of 
Illinois 
RAY HYMAN, Department of Psychology. University of Oregon 
DANIEL M. LANDERS, Department of Physical Education, Arizona 
State University 
SANDRA A. MOBLEY, Director of Training and Development, The 
Wyatt Company, Washington, D.C. 
LYMAN W. PORTER, Graduate School of Management, University of 
California, Irvine 
MICHAEL I. POSNER, Department of Neurology, Washington 
University 
WALTER SCHNEIDER, Department of Psychology, University of 
Pittsburgh 
JEROME E. SINGER, Department of Medical Psychology, Uniformed 
Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md. 
SALLY P. SPRINGER, Department of Psychology, State University of 
New York, Stony Brook 
RICHARD F. THOMPSON, Department of Psychology, Stanford 
University 
DANIEL DRUCKMAN, Study Director 
JULIE A. KRAMAN, Administrative Secretary 
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Contents 
PREFACE  
vii 
I OVERVIEW   
1 
1 Introduction   
3 
2 Findings and Conclusions   
15 
3 Evaluation Issues   
24 
II PSYCHOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES  
37 
4 Learning   
39 
5 Improving Motor Skills   
61 
6 Altering Mental States  
102 
7 Stress Management   
115 
8 Social Processes   
133 
III PARAPSYCHOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES  
167 
9 Paranormal Phenomena  
169 
REFERENCES  
209 
APPENDIXES  
233 
A Summary of Techniques: Theory, Research, and 
Applications   
235 
B Background Papers'   
  246 
C Committee Activities   
248 
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