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The document discusses the work of scientists studying the properties of ice and processes taking place in Lake Baykal. The team is studying the strength of the ice and the penetration of rays through the ice, as well as the detection of elementary particles. They have found that the ice functions as a prism, trapping rays of the sun and creating a light field under the ice. The detection of muons and neutrinos is of great significance in understanding the structure of space and processes in the universe. Muons can be used for geophysical prospecting and determining the boundaries of minerals and water supplies. Another document discusses inefficiencies in the planning and accounting of machine building enterprises.
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republic. The institute has also
achieved substantial successes in
the study of helminthiases and the
organization of measures to combat
them.
Author: Yermolayev, V., correspon-
dent (Listvenichnoye Settlement,
Irkutsk Oblast)
Title: DEEP-LEVEL STUDIES OF
ELEMENTARY PARTICLES IN LAKE BAYKAL
Primary source: Pravda, March 5,
1982, No. 64 (23225), p. 2, cols. 6-8
Extract: A new contingent of scien-
tists has begun work in the southwest
part of Lake Baykal. Associates
the Limnology Institute and the
Siberian Institute of Earth Magnetism,
V1te onosphe end Pragation
h
h
t
e
Radio Waves are drilling throug
thick ice of the lake. Their task
is to study properties of the ice
and features
place in the
surface.
of processes taking
water under its solid
"The decision
create a station
has been made to
near Marituy
Settlement, east of Cape Stolba,
for detecting and recording elementary
particles -- muons and neutrinos --
at deep levels of the water,"
reported G. Galaziy, a corresponding
member of the USSR Academy of
Sciences and director of the
LJ_mnolo_g,y._InstItute. "This work
will be pursued in accordance with
the Dumande international program,
with specialists of a number of
countries participating. The
contingent of limnologists and
physicists is also studying the
strength of the ice, for the purpose
of issuing recommendations regarding
the installation and transporting of
apparatus in the winter."
The strength of rays of the
penetrating the ice layer also
requires careful evaluation. The
water is heated by two degrees unde
pure ice one meter thick, which
transmits solar radiation well.
As a result, photosynthesis of algae
takes place and fish eggs develop,
which reduces the transparency of
the water. It was thought up until
recently that the ice impeded heat
radiation emitted by the bottom of
Lake Baykal. It was presumed that
a kind of greenhouse effect occurs
and the uppermost layer of the water
is heated.
"Our experiments have not con-
firmed the existence of this
phenomenon," said Candidate of
Physical-Mathematical Sciences
P. Sherstyankin, the head of the
contingent. "It has been established
that cracked ice 'functions' as a
prism, a trap for rays of the sun.
Rays penetrating the water can emerge
in the opposite direction only at a
strictly determined angle. A light
field is thus created under the ice.
"The detection of muons and of
flows of neutrinos coming
sun and stars is of great
These perpetual wanderers
from the
significance.
and envoys
from outer space help to interpret
the structure of space, as well as
processes taking place in the universe.
Knowledge of these processes is
of practical interest.
"Take, for example, muons
elementary particles which originate
in the interaction
with the matter of
atmosphere. These
of cosmic rays
the earth's
rays are capable,
of penetrating our planet to a depth
of kilometers, probing the upper
layers of the earth's crust by
radiation. With the aid of muons,
one can pursue geophysical prospect-
ing of minerals, check the correct-
ness of the drilling of tunnels
through rock, and determine more
precisely the boundaries of ore
bodies and of water supplies in the
snow cover of almost inaccessible
mountain regions from which avalanches
and mudslides descend."
Title: INEFFICIENCIES IN MACHINE
BUILDING'S PLANNING AND ACCOUNTING
Primary source: Ekonomicheskaya
gazeta, March, 1982, No. 10, p. 6,
cols. 4-5
Extract: The bureau of an inter-
agency commission of the USSR State
Planning Committee (Gosplan) has
reviewed the question of improving
planning indicators and evaluation
of the work of machine building
enterprises. It was noted that a
number of departments of USSR Gosplan
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