EEG-OBJECTIVIZATION OF HUMAN DISTANT INFLUENCE ON HUMAN SUBJECTS
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This document is a summary of an experiment conducted on the effect of distant influence on human subjects using electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. The subjects were placed in a controlled environment and their brain wave activity was measured while attempts were made to remotely influence their alpha rhythm. The results of the experiment showed significant changes in the subjects' brain activity when influenced by a sender. The experiments were conducted at both short distances (5-100 meters) and longer distances (1-10 kilometers). The analysis showed that activation or inhibition of the subjects' alpha rhythm resulted in noticeable changes in EEG power. The results are presented in graphical form, providing more insight into the findings.
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EEG-Objectivization of Human Distant Influence on Human Subjects
Yuri S. Dolin, Victor I. Dymov, Nicolai N. Khatchenkov
Summary
In the experiments, a subject was located in a dark, sound-proof,
electrically-shielded chamber, and his electroencephalogram (EEG)
was recorded. Two standard electrodes were placed in positions C3,
C4. The reference electrode was placed on the mastoid projection.
The upper limit of the EEG frequency range was 50 Hz, with a time
constant of 0.1 sec. The EEG signal was fed into a computer for
on-line processing.
Between 4 and 6 trials per day were conducted, some of them being
control trials and some "distant influence" trials. For each given
trial, casting lots determined whether it was a test or control.
The direction of influence (activation or inhibition of the
subject's alpha rhythm) was determined by the "sender" (the person
attempting the "distant influence"). The subject was blind as to
whether the given trial was a test or control. EEG..of the subject
was recorded for 5 seconds which was followed by a 10 second
interval to allow for the computation of the Fourier trans-
formations of the signal. The results were shown graphically on
the display screen. During each trial, between 20 and 40 of these
time periods were recorded, the length of the trial being specified
in advance.
There were experiments conducted both at short distances (when the
"sender" was from 5 to 100 meters from the subject) and at longer
distances, from 1 to 10 kilometers. The tests were conducted from
July 1, 1992 to November 25, 1992. The tests at short distances
were carried out from July 30, 1992 to September 7, 1992. About
150 short-distance tests were conducted, with 6 subjects and 10
"senders." Two subjects with a stable alpha rhythm were selected.
The data obtained from the "senders," who worked only for one or
two days (performing 6 to 8 trials each), were excluded from the
analysis, since it required a longer time (usually from 2 to 6
days) for each "sender" to develop his "strategy" of "distant
influence." With 4 senders and two subjects ("receivers") 109
trials were conducted: 53 control trials and 56 test trials. From
these, 21 test trials had the sender attempting "activation" of the
subject (thereby intending to decrease the subject's alpha power)
and in test 21 trials attempting "inhibition" (thereby intending to
increase the subject's alpha power); in the rest of the test
trials, senders did not specify the direction of influence. Thus,
the main analysis was conducted with the trials in which the
direction of influence was specified, in the range of alpha (8-13
Hz). The data for beta and theta were also recorded; they later
turned out to be non-significant.
For each test (5 min. duration), the following dimensionsless
parameters were calculated:
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Ati - Iti/Ipi; Aci - Ici/Ipi
where Iti is the mean value of the EEG power spectrum during the
epoch of the sender's influence; I is the mean value of the EEG
power during the pre-stimulus epochi (baseline); Ati characterizes
the magnitute of sender's influence, and A,i characterizes changes
in the EEG power spectra during control periods (everything is set-
up the same way as the test period but no sender attempts "distant
influence"). This approach to the analysis made it possible to
compare the results obtained during different days and to minimize
the error, making the error in the control no greater than 3%. Aai
and Ati were calculated signifying mean values for activation and
inhibition trials, respectively.
The data are presented below:
ha
al
i
t
h
t
di
n
p
anges
es
s, c
stance
Short-
control
inhibition
activation influence
Number of tests
53
21
21
56
Mean
0.869774
1.09624
0.734714
0.874214
Variance
0.0650086
0.0798939
0.0621056
0.102312
Mean square diviation 0.254968
0.282655
0.24921
0.319862
MSQ of the mean
0.0350225
0.0616804
0.0543821
0.0427433
Lower quartile
0.686
0.954
0.544
0.623
Upper quartile
0.979
1.331
0.913
1.1045
Interquartile range
0.293
0.377
0.369
0.4815
The level of significance for changes of alpha:
The left hemisphere
The right hemisphere
Activation
p <
0.019
p <
0.004
Inhibition
p <
0.067
p <
0.012
The results are also presented in Figs. 6-10.
About 140 long-distance trial were performed from September
10, 1992 to November 25, 1992 with the same. two subjects. The
duration of the trial was 2.5 minutes. The senders, working for
only one or two days, were excluded from the analysis; only the
trials with two longer-working senders were included. There were
105 trials subjected to analysis: 53 were control trials and 52
test trials. However, the senders did not specify which trials
were activation and which were inhibition; thus, the analysis could
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not be performed the same way as above. However, the changes in
variance and interquartile ranges indicated the non-uniformity of
the samples (see Fig. 13).
There is a more detailed discussion of the analysis of the
results in the text, which will be included in a complete
translation of the paper.
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