NEUHAUSLER, ANTON. PRECOGNITION, TIME AND FREEDOM.

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 astrology. Whilst about half of those interviewed deny any rela-
 tion between human destiny and the stars, approximately 30:%
 believe it to be a fact and to the rest it seems not impossible.
 More than half of the population sympathizes more or less with
 astrology, but in most cases this attitude is derived exclusively
 from acquaintance with popularized "horoscopes" of the
 newspapers. Only 7% know their individual horoscopes, but
 69% the sign of the Zodiac corresponding to the month of their
 birth. The sympathizers are classified according to different
 points of view: sex, schooling, belief in series of luck and Ill
 luck, sensitivity to meteorological influences etc. The investiga-
 tion shows that the belief in astrology which is widespread in all
 classes of the population presents an important problem of men-
 tal hygiene.-DA
 110. Jung, Carl Gustav. An astrological experiment.
 Zeitschrift  fur  Parapsychologie  and  Grenzgebiete  der
 Psychologie, 1957, 1 (2/3), 81-92. 2 refs.-This paper follows
 from the second chapter of the author's book, Synchronicity: An
 Acausal Connecting Principle, in which he describes a statistical
 investigation into the relation of factors of the horoscopes of
 married people according to the notions of traditional astrology.
 The total results exceeded chance and are interpreted by the
 author as synchronicity; that is, a significant arrangement in-
 duced by the expectations of the experimenter based on ar-
 chetypal  conditions.  His  intention  has often  been
 misunderstood. It was not a question of an astrological research
 of marriage but of a work on the behavior of figures to which a
 certain autonomy is due. In situations stimulating an ar-
 chetype-and astrology belongs to them-figures under the in-
 fluence of an arranging may correspond to the emotional expec-
 tation. Synchronistical events of this kind have a range of
 acausality, freedom and meaningful in nature as their
 background which is complementary to coercion, mechanics,
 and senselessness. - DA
 111. Gauquelin, Michel. The influences of the stars and
 statistics. Zeitschrift fur Parapsychologie and Grenzgebiete
 der  Psychologie,  1957,  1  (2/3),  102-123.-Describes  his
 statistical experiments on the influence of the stars on humans.
 He intends to put the controversy on the reality or illusion of
 astrology on a scientific level.
 On the one hand, his experiments led him to the conclusion
 that astrology as such has no objective reality; on the other
 hand, however, he found results in a definite astronomical field,
 namely the daily revolution of the stars, which forced him to
 recognize, nevertheless, the existence of a connection between
 human beings and the stars.
 The author not only discusses the investigations which led
 him to such conclusionns, but also the criticism provoked by his
 statements and his answers to these objections. - DA
 112. Bender, Hans. Parapsychic phenomena as a fron?
 tier problem of the mind. Zeitschrift fu"r Parapsychologie
 and Grenzgebiete der Psychologie, 1957/58, 1 (2/3), 124-154,
 15 refs.-This paper was given as a lecture at the University of
 Freiburg in a series of conferences on the "Concept and function
 of the frontier in the universities." He surveys parapsychology
 as the "Frontier Science of the Mind." The historical develop-
 ment is outlined from qualitative material (regarded as evidence
 by Bergson) to quantitative-statistical research, the procedure
 and results of which are described. The author points out the
 bearing of the theory of probability and the importance of spon-
 taneous phenomena and qualitative mediumistic material as a
 necessary background for the interpretation of statistical
 results, and as an indispensable approach to analyzing the
 nature of paranormal phenomena. Finally the relations of
 parapsychology to other branches of science and the elements
 of current hypotheses are dealt with.-DA
 113. Uslar, Detlev von. On the dreamlike structure of
 telepathic assertions. Part I. Zeitschrift fur Parapsychologie
 and Grenzgebiete der Psychologie, 1957/58, 1 (2/3), 166-188. 1
 ref.-Images induced by telepathy for the most part do not
 represent reality in a distinct and conscious way, but rather real
 facts are elaborated in a dreamlike way. In verifying these im-
 ages we have to use the experiences and methods of dream-
 psychology.
 e) on
 e at-        the sensitive O. demonstrates such a dreamlike structure and
 titudes of the adult population of Western Germany towards the method of its interpretation. Psychometric object was a
 marriage-ring.
 It became evident that the material elaborated in the telepath-
 ic assertions had its origin in the conscious and subconscious
 memory of two persons: the owner of the ring and his wife.
 In this case the telepathic communication appears as a texture
 of relations, with a marked preference for affectively accentuat-
 ed material. - DA
 114.  Neuhausler,  Anton.  Precognition,  time and
 freedom. Zeitschrift fur Parapsychologie and Grenzgebeite
 der Psychologie, 1957/58, 1 (2/3), 189-201.- If we acknowledge
 the existence of precognition, the idea of a fixed future is con-
 nected to it. This would entail a denial of freedom as ability to
 determine what is not yet determined. The elimination of time
 from reality, however, is impossible. Whenever there are
 material quanta (mass, energy) existing in different states ex-
 cluding each other- e.g., a house that is both in an intact and in
 a demolished state- then there is time as mode of succession. In
 the case of a sensitive foreseeing a future event-e.g., the crash
 of the house-he is in fact not able to see the real crash of the
 real house. He can only see an image of the future event. The
 conception of ideal images of the future does not include the
 condition of their coercive power. They can be outruled by fac-
 tors not contained in the determining structure.  Human
 freedom would be such a factor. The decision for or against
 human freedom lies beyond the acceptance or refusal of
 precognition. - DA
 115. Servadio, Emilio. Parapsychology and the reaction
 of incredulity. Zeitschrift fur Parapsychologie and Gren-
 zgebiete der Psychologie, 1958, 2 (1), 1-9. 3 refs.-Parapsychic
 phenomena differ from recognized and familiar experiences
 through their irrationality, through their divergence from the
 ordinary patterns, through their improbability and their relation
 to mythical and magical positions in the history of the mind.
 Analyzing the reaction of incredulity towards parapsychic
 phenomena, the author introduces a psycho-dynamic concep-
 tion: Rational thinking having superseded the magic mentality
 with difficulty, is defended to-day by a well-functioning mental
 apparatus whenever stimulated, to the effect of a regression to
 former levels of conscience. Parapsychic phenomena in their
 mostly archaic structure are taken as a threat to the very basis of
 the individual personality. These mechanisms of denial have to
 be recognized in the same way as the opposite tendencies of an
 uncritical credulity. It is only in this way that an approach to
 scientific objectivity is made possible. - DA
 116. Tenhaeff, Wilhelm H.C. On the practical use of
 paranormal faculties: Performances by sensitives when
 used by the police or for other purposes. Zeitschrift fu"r
 Parapsychologie and Grenzgebiete der Psychologie, 1958, 2
 (1), 10-29. 3 refs. - The author discusses a series of cases concer-
 ning the use of sensitives by the police or for other practical pur-
 poses. Apart from the relatively rare cases in which complete
 success was obtained, there are many where the statements of
 the sensitives were of no practical value but proved to be of
 parapsychological interest. The contribution deals mainly with
 the depth analysis of such failures. The author follows up the
 motivation of the paranormal impressions in connection with
 the sensitives' history of life. Affective factors often seem to
 divert the sensitives from the task in question. Laymen should
 not consult sensitives for only experts can make allowance for
 the many sources of errors (e.g. telepathic transference of ex-
 pectations). - DA
 117. Binski, Sigurd. Performances by a single subject in
 exploratory PK experiments. Zeitschrift fur Parapsy-
 chologie and Grenzgebiete der Psychologie, 1958, 2 (1), 30-40.
 11 refs. - The author briefly reports two series of exploratory PK
 experiments carried out at the Psychological Institute of Bonn
 University. In the first series, 153,000 coins were thrown in
 tosses of a hundred at a time. The subjects tried to determine in
 advance the side onto which the coins fell through psychic in-
 fluence (by willing it). In the second series, the subjects tried to
 direct 26,200 balls to the targets 'black' or 'red' of a roulette
 wheel. The total results were not beyond chance expectation
 but one subject went considerably beyond the conventional
 chance limits especially in the first series. This confirms some
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